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Informal Networks

Horak, S. (2024). Informal Networks. In C. Asmussen, N. Hashai, & D. Minbaeva (Eds.), Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management (pp. 166-167). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. DOI: 10.4337/9781800884045.ch45
Link: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800884045.ch45

Abstract
Informal networks are formed by informal ties between actors. They can be defined as channels embedded in the respective culture that provides the general behavioral norms and ideals for interpersonal exchange. Network members have the privilege of access to favors. They can rely on mutual support and goodwill and the sharing of opportunities, which gives them a relational advantage over non-members (Minbaeva et al., 2022; Horak et al., 2020). While informal networks exist in every country, they differ in their extent, intensity and shape. Typical examples of informal networks include guanxi (China), yongo and inmaek (South Korea), wasta (Arab world) or blat and svyazi (Russia and the post-Soviet states). By contrasting and (...)

Keywords
Informal networks, informal institutions, social capital, wasta, yongo, blat/svyazi, guanxi.


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