Informal Networks
Horak, S. (2024). Informal Networks. In C. Asmussen,
N. Hashai, & D. Minbaeva (Eds.), Encyclopedia of International Strategic
Management (pp. 166-167). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. DOI:
10.4337/9781800884045.ch45
Link:
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800884045.ch45
Abstract
Informal networks are formed by informal ties between actors. They can be
defined as channels embedded in the respective culture that provides the general
behavioral norms and ideals for interpersonal exchange. Network members have the
privilege of access to favors. They can rely on mutual support and goodwill and
the sharing of opportunities, which gives them a relational advantage over
non-members (Minbaeva et al., 2022; Horak et al., 2020). While informal networks
exist in every country, they differ in their extent, intensity and shape.
Typical examples of informal networks include guanxi (China), yongo and inmaek
(South Korea), wasta (Arab world) or blat and svyazi (Russia and the post-Soviet
states). By contrasting and (...)
Keywords
Informal networks, informal institutions, social capital, wasta, yongo,
blat/svyazi, guanxi.