Informal Network Context: Deepening the Knowledge and Extending the Boundaries of Social Network Research in International Human Resource Management.
Horak, S. & Paik, Y. (2023). Informal Network Context: Deepening the Knowledge 
and Extending the Boundaries of Social Network Research in International Human 
Resource Management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 
34(12), 2367-2403. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2090268 
Link: 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2090268 
Abstract
While informal networking has been universally regarded as an important feature 
of expatriate effectiveness, respective network constructs (yongo, wasta, 
blat/svyazi, etc.) remain weakly understood when taking expatriates’ ability to 
connect to local networks into account. Drawing on informal institution and 
social capital theory, we present informal networks as an important contextual 
factor in international human resource management (IHRM), relevant to the work 
of expatriates in particular. We define informal networks by pointing out their 
distinctive nature in contrast to social networks and developing central themes 
to guide future research in this area. This is achieved by integrating the 
informal network context into research themes relevant to the IHRM domain. In 
this paper, seven research themes centering on focal research questions are 
developed, which, taken together, constitute a future research agenda and expand 
the typical domain of IHRM research in the informal network context.
Keywords
International HRM; informal networks; guanxi; yongo; wasta; blat/svyazi; 
informal institutions; social capital; context; expatriation